Functional tissue-engineered bone-like graft made of a fibrin scaffold and TG2 gene-modified EMSCs for bone defect repair

Abstract The transplantation of tissue-engineered scaffolds with stem cells is a promising therapeutic approach for bone defect repair. To improve the efficacy this approach, in study, novel biofunctional live bone-like graft was designed and constructed using fibrin scaffold loaded TG2 gene-modified ectomesenchymal (TG2-EMSCs) derived from nasal respiratory mucosa Autocalcification cell-free gel osteogenic medium additional alkaline phosphatase (ALP) differentiation TG2-EMSCs on were assessed vitro. results indicated that could autocalcify ALP overexpression by promote these scaffold. Moreover, enhance deposition extracellular matrix proteins scaffold, followed calcification After into critical-sized cranial defects rats, functional grafts improved regeneration. These indicate process